Labour Market Analysis Report Virgin Blue Airline

Labour Market Analysis Report Virgin Blue Airline Labour demand and supply The companies that sell products to end users based on the laws of supply and demand in the market become the purchasers in the labor market since they require employees to design products and do other sorts of things to ensure that the finished products meet the requirements of the end-users. Since no employee can render a free service, companies are compelled to go into the labor market so as to purchase labor according to their considerations.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Labour Market Analysis Report: Virgin Blue Airline specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Virgin Blue Airline determines the number of workers it demands based on some considerations. These are the costs it will incur on the labour (based on the Australian market wage), and the number of workers it needs to meet the current and predicted demands for doing business. The supply of labour in the Australian airline industry is determined by the amount of wages, salaries, as well as other benefits provided by the potential employers, and skilled workers tend to move from one employer to the other based on these influences. To make the conditions of work attractive, Virgin Blue Airline offers competitive pay, performance based rewards, travel allowances, study assistance, and many other benefits to potential employees (Virgin Blue Airlines, 2010). Labour requirements for Virgin Blue Airline increased growth Virgin Blue Airline, with a current market share of about twenty-eight percent in Australia’s airline industry, is increasingly growing to serve other routes around the world. For example, in the past one year, it has carried about 18.4 million international passengers (PPS Publications Ltd, 2010). This increased growth implies that it will need additional employees to serve the increasing number of its customers. In this regard, the company will need to hire culturally diverse employees for i t to succeed in doing global business. This will make it possible for the diverse workforce to bring different points of view in tackling issues in the airline company, which are invaluable for its success internationally. More so, since the success of a modern organization requires different inputs from people with diverse skills and experiences, recruiting such people will ensure that Virgin Blue Airline benefits from the different range of experiences that they will be bringing along for its eventual success in the international market. Since doing international business normally encounter several restrictions, for example, acceptance of the airline by the customers in another locality and customer-handling issues, Virgin Blue Airline will need to surmount these obstacles by hiring employees who are up to the task.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In additio n, another associated labour requirements in this new market is to hire employees who can speak fluently other languages, apart from English. This will ensure that the company confronts the language barrier problem that can make it lose its customers if not properly addressed. Analysis of Virgin Blue Airline existing workforce to determine areas of excesses and shortages Virgin Blue Airline, launched on 31 August 2000 with less than three hundred employees, currently employs about three thousand workers, and the number is still growing. However, until recently, the company had been concentrating on employing younger workers who were below thirty-five years of age. This raised questions about the company’s hiring process. For example, a group of eight mature former flight attendants sued the company for discrimination. They accused the airline company for not giving them jobs because they were above thirty-five years of age (Weller, 2006). The company lost the case and compens ated the former flight attendants. This implies that there are shortages of mature employees in the company and an excess of younger employees. It is important to note that experienced workers bring in the skills and attitudes that a company can utilize for its success, especially in the international market. Another area where there is shortage is in the number of female employees that the airline has. This shortage has arisen because of the increased requirement to travel to other countries around the world. Since it becomes difficult to strike a balance between work and family commitments in such situation, a number of females have stayed away from working with the company. Analysis of Virgin Blue Airline current workforce suitability to meet current and predicted demands for labour In as much as Virgin Blue Airline had been concentrating on hiring younger employees, its current workforce has the capacity to meet the current and predicted demands for doing business in the aviatio n industry. The company has established an effective culture that ensures that its operations run smoothly. The company has a top management team consisting of twelve professionals who have served in various capacities in the company since its inception ten years ago. Bruce Highfield, HR director for Virgin Blue, says, â€Å"Having a top team that really works effectively together is really half the battle. Culture starts at the top, and the leadership style of the boss is what filters down† (The Reed Group Ltd, 2010, para. 7).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Labour Market Analysis Report: Virgin Blue Airline specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even though it has established a cohesive management team, the company goes at great lengths to recruit competent workers who are able to preserve its unique culture as well as meet its current demand for business and future expansion. Besides the thorough recruitmen t process, the company ensures that its workers remain motivated and committed in accomplishing their duties by properly assigning tasks, carrying out employee appraisal programs, meeting their expectations, and involving the employees in different aspects of decision making within the company. Analysis of current and predicted external labour supply data Between 1980 and 2000, the Australian labour force has been increasing an estimated rate of two percent due to the full entry to the labour force market of the baby boom generation, increased participation of women, and overseas migration (McDonald Temple, 2008, p.2). Currently, it is estimated that the country’s labor force is growing at 3.1 per cent per annum and this rate is falling (Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2010). Moreover, this labour supply growth rate may fall further if there will be no international migration. Since Australia’s population is likely to grow, this will create a multiplier effect upon th e demand for labour in the aviation industry. The country’s labour force is and will have to confront the difficulties of its ageing population. This difficulty will lead to possible replacement of the elderly labour force with young labour force resulting in certain labour shortfalls and skill gaps in the country’s airline industry. Recommendations for workforce planning Virgin Blue Airline has experienced incredible growth within a short time. Therefore, to ensure its continued success it should develop a workforce planning tool that ensures that its objectives are matched with the needs of the employees. It can achieve this by identifying the key abilities of its potential future workforce, engaging in an accurate analysis of its current workforce numbers and capacity, carrying out a gap analysis to make a comparison between the projected workforce supply to the workforce demand forecast, developing workforce strategies and projected funding impact, and implementing and reviewing workforce plans. References Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2010. Labour Force, Australia, Sep 2010. [Online]Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Australia Bureau of Statistics. Available at: abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[emailprotected]/mf/6202.0?opendocument#from-banner=LN . McDonald, P. Temple, J., 2008. Demographic and Labour Futures for Australia. [Online] Australian Demographic and Social Research Institute. Available at: https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:qljwbbJOR-kJ:www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/research/_pdf/demo-labour-supply.pdf+labour+supply+in+australiahl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEEShDeknLiq7JDVILE9svPMStJG3bnqMhCGNXz7B6pjr7e2xbuBle55KDBIzAfpr0M6UsweWBpEQm-h08WSoIqrjxo4MqvzNe6CnDVXL4slk9wPungSuDoil0gVXTaZ0GlV7sGeRdsig=AHIEtbQUF4_lXNhdYKJh520dWOvAiU7GXA . PPS Publications Ltd, 2010. Virgin Blue’s growth coming from international routes; 18.4 million passengers carried in last 12 months. [Online] PPS Publications Ltd. Available at: anna.aero/2010/06/08/virgin-blues-growth-coming-from-international-routes/ . The Reed Group Ltd, 2010. Breaking in a new culture: the Virgin Blue story. [Online] Reed Elsevier A ustralia Pty Limited. Available at: humanresourcesmagazine.com.au/articles/0b/0c01a00b.asp . Virgin Blue Airlines, 2010. Benefits. [Online] Virgin Blue Airlines. Available at: virginblue.com.au/AboutUs/Careers/Benefits/ . Weller, S., 2006. Discrimination, Labour Markets and the Labour Market Prospects of  Older Workers: What Can a Legal Case Teach Us? [Online] Victoria University, Melbourne. Available at: https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:wt3nsispaZsJ:www.cfses.com/documents/wp31.pdf+international+labour+market+airline+industryhl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEESg1ZC8Oztnhf2FsvXiNXpR21CHKoXe3h0DNAZXmjrJ1cokwJK3tCXXtC87LAY1ixnel2qCRwGrXF_oJpQPHMbOBVFuN_qQKduT7boL0MMHDauVRwd5YDGB6ur2BDD6KZU0zX_COsig=AHIEtbSsbjcti5KH_bI_k0IlfKcbQTCsbA   .

Howler Monkey Facts (Alouatta)

Howler Monkey Facts (Alouatta) Howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) are the largest New World monkeys. They are the loudest land animal, producing howls that can be heard up to three miles away. Fifteen species and seven subspecies of howler monkey are currently recognized. Fast Facts: Howler Monkey Scientific Name: AlouattaCommon Names: Howler monkey, New World baboonBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: Head and body: 22-36 inches; tail: 23-36 inchesWeight: 15-22 poundsLifespan: 15-20 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Central and South American forestsPopulation: DecreasingConservation Status: Least Concern to Endangered Description Like other New World monkeys, howler monkeys have wide side-set nostrils and furred prehensile tails with naked tips that help the primates grip tree branches. Howler monkeys have beards and long, thick hair in shades of black, brown, or red, depending on sex and species. The monkeys are sexually dimorphic, with males 3 to 5 pounds heavier than females. In some species, such as the black howler monkey, mature males and females have different coat colors. Howler monkeys are the largest New World monkeys, with head and body length averaging 22 to 36 inches. One characteristic of the species is its extremely long, thick tail. The average tail length is 23 to 36 inches, but there are howler monkeys with tails five times their body length. Adults weigh between 15 and 22 pounds. Like humans, but unlike other New World monkeys, howlers have trichromatic vision. Both male and female howler monkeys have an enlarged hyoid bone (Adams apple) that helps them make extremely loud calls. Males and females are different colors in some howler monkey species. Tier Und Naturfotografie J und C Sohns / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Howler monkeys live in the tropical forests of Central and South America. They spend their lives in the tree canopy, only rarely descending to the ground. Howler monkey distribution. Miguelrangeljr IUCN / Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License Diet The monkeys primarily forage tree leaves from the upper canopy, but also eat fruit, flowers, nuts, and buds. They sometimes supplement their diet with eggs. Like other mammals, howler monkeys cannot digest cellulose from leaves. Bacteria in the large intestine ferment cellulose and produce nutrient-rich gases which the animals use as an energy source. Behavior Obtaining energy from leaves is an inefficient process, so howler monkeys are generally slow-moving and live within relatively small home ranges (77 acres for 15 to 20 animals). Males vocalize at dawn and dusk to identify their position and communicate with other troops. This minimizes conflict over feeding and sleeping grounds. Troop ranges overlap, so howling lessens the need for males to patrol territories or fight. Each troop consists of six to 15 animals, usually containing one to three adult males. Mantled howler monkey troops are larger and contain more males. Howler monkeys rest in the trees about half of the day. Reproduction and Offspring Howler monkeys reach sexual maturity around 18 months of age and display sexual readiness by tongue-flicking. Mating and birth may occur at any time of the year. Mature females give birth every two years. Gestation is 180 days for the black howler monkey and results in a single offspring. At birth, both male and female black howler monkeys are blond, but males turn black at two and a half years of age. In other species the color of the young and adults is the same for both sexes. Adolescent males and females leave their parents troop to join unrelated troops. The average life expectancy of a howler monkey is 15 to 20 years. Conservation Status Howler monkey IUCN conservation status varies according to species, ranging from least concern to endangered. The population trend is unknown for some species and decreasing for all others. Howler monkeys are protected in parts of their range. Threats The species faces multiple threats. Like other New World monkeys, howlers are hunted for food. They face habitat loss and degradation from deforestation and land development for residential, commercial, and agricultural use. Howler monkeys also face competition from other species, such as spider monkeys and woolly monkeys. Howler Monkeys and Humans Howler monkeys are not aggressive toward humans and are sometimes kept as pets despite their loud vocalizations. Some Mayan tribes worshiped howler monkeys as gods. Sources Boubli, J., Di Fiore, A., Rylands, A.B. Mittermeier, R.A. Alouatta nigerrima. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T136332A17925825. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T136332A17925825.enGroves, C.P. Order Primates. In: D.E. Wilson and D.M. Reeder (eds), Mammal Species of the World, pp. 111-184. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 2005.Neville, M. K., Glander, K. E., Braza, F. and Rylands, A. B. The howling monkeys, genus Alouatta. In: R. A. Mittermeier, A. B. Rylands, A. F. Coimbra-Filho an G. A. B. da Fonseca (ed.), The Ecology and Behavior of Neotropical Primates, Vol. 2, pp. 349–453, 1988. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA.Sussman, R. Primate Ecology and Social Structure, Vol. 2: New World Monkeys, Revised First Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 142–145. July, 2003. ISBN 978-0-536-74364-0.

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Interview - Essay Example The organization is committed to promote and reward safe behavior. In addition, the management of the organizations tries to educate all the employees in healthy and safety procedures. How do you manage health and safety of the employees within the workplace? Accidents and workplace hazards are always preventable. The organization works hard to improve the workplace safety performance to provide hazard free workplace environment to all the employees. The organization continuously gives priority to the good health and safety of the employees. Coca Cola Enterprise constantly monitors health and safety performance in order to ensure effective improvement. In addition, effective risk and hazard management process helps the organization to eliminate the possibilities and impact of several calamities and hazards. What are the initiatives that have been taken by the organization? The manufacturing and distribution sites of Coca Cola Enterprise avail several efficient representatives regardi ng the health and safety aspect of the employees. They management representative used to discuss about several aspects of occupational health and safety aspect in a committee or a meeting. It helps the representatives to organize and monitor effective OSHA programs. Each and every employee of the organization is treated in similar way. The organization has reduced lost time injury frequency significantly through these processes. How do you monitor workplace health and safety performance? It is true that health and safety performance is one of the major business indicators of Coca Cola Enterprise. The management of the organization generally reviews the performance of both corporate and site level. The safety manager of the organization provides the results to the senior management team on half-yearly basis. All of the manufacturing and distribution sites of Coca Cola Enterprise try to meet the safety and health management standards of both Coca Cola System and Coca Cola Enterprise. Moreover, these sites avail inclusive emergency response procedures. The organization already avails written codes of procedures, review processes and practice in order to ensure the compliance with the policies and regulatory requirement of the organization. In addition, all of the manufacturing and distribution sites of Coca Cola Enterprise have been certificated to the OHSAS 18001. What is the vision of Coca Cola Great Britain about health and safety in workplace? Coca Cola is one of the leading organizations in Britain. The organization always provides high priority to good health and safety of the employees. It is decided by the management that the organization will provide a 90 days of induction plan about health and safety policy to the new employees. Reflection and Learning It is clear from the above interview process that Coca Cola Enterprise in Great Britain gives superior priority to the health and safety aspects of the employees. Several leading organizations around the globe are trying to implement unique strategies to achieve potential competitive advantages. It is true that employees are the strongest assets of an organization. Therefore, majority of the leading global organizations try to retain their effective and potential employees. Potential and skilled employees are considered as the major business growth driver. However, Coca Cola Enterprise always tries to retain their effective employees by ensuring safe and healthy workplace environment. The federal government of US developed occupational health and

Excessive Guns Laws And Gun Crime Statistics Essay

Excessive Guns Laws And Gun Crime Statistics - Essay Example The report takes a â€Å"Pro-gun† or â€Å"Pro-gun user† stand and points out facts that support the relaxation of guns laws. It elaborates on the need to shift the focus to other restrictive measures as for example stricter registration procedures, stringent tracking, and recording, background check etc instead of exercising excessive laws on weapon possession. The backdrop of the prevalent gun crime scenario of the United States and the United Kingdom have been taken into consideration in preparing the data, literature review and facts and figures. The report concludes that excessive guns laws are ineffective in curbing gun-related crimes and is against the second amendment. The second amendment to the United States Constitution is a part of the larger US Bill of rights and is concerned with protecting the individual’s right to bear and keep arms. This amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights. The interpretation of the second amendment of Guns Laws clearly states that the affiliation of a person to a militia (well regulated military establishment) preserves, guarantees and protects the pre-existing right to possess arms in view of their responsibility for the security of a free state. It, however, doesn’t grant an individual the right to keep and bear arms. During the discussion, tabling, and ratification of the 2nd amendment to the Guns Laws there was a clear intention to prevent jeopardizing the rights of individuals invested with the safety and security of a free state, to possess and carry firearms (e.g.: Guns). This is in clear accordance with the continuation of fire-arm possession of individuals already doing the same and barring any individual from possessing or bearing fire-arms without the need of protecting a community.

Major Advances in Broadcasting Essay Example for Free

Major Advances in Broadcasting Essay Civil War (1861- 1865) Personal Journalism is born. This allowed people to publish their thoughts and feelings individually. Topics not limited to slavery and racism is written by various people but sometimes not published due to limited freedom in broadcasting. 1890- Yellow Journalism enters the broadcasting arena making it possible for politicians use the power of broadcasting to win elections and cover up bad news. 1918- Edwin Howard Armstrong was able to develop a method for â€Å"amplifying extremely weal, high- frequency signals or the superheterodyne circuit† (Radio and Television). 1930’s- a circuitry was developed to eliminate static that interferes with radio reception. A static free broadcasting was formulated by means of amplitude modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM). 1950’s- transistors were invented and made broadcasting more possible. 1956- Videocassette recorders were introduced so that people can view delayed television shows. 1949- The birth of Cable television which is known for its â€Å"good reception and additional programming† (Radio and Television). 1965- Commercial Communication Satellite was first used and it was followed by orbiting transmitters. 1967- A bill was passed in the United States which enables Public Broadcasting (Andersen Gray 400). 1968- 200 million TV sets were made available worldwide. 1972- â€Å"Richard Nixon vetoes funding for public broadcasting† (Andersen Gray 400). 1978- 78% of the households own colored television. 1988- Sony introduced handheld and battery operated televisions also known as the â€Å"watchman† it is a transistorized television. 1990’s- High Density television is made available which features system for satellite transmission. HDTV has better picture and sound compared to analog televisions. 1996- Television and internet begins its competition since more people are depending on the World Wide Web rather than watching television and listening to radio news. 2000-present- more dynamic way of transmitting signals in television, radio and cable are discovered which enables people to receive information faster and clearer than before. There are live streaming features of cables and internet TVs that allows people to see what is happening on the other part of the world it shares endless fascination of everyday living. Today is an important time for Journalism in our country’s history because broadcasting is more developed. Series of advancement were made in terms of information gathering and dissemination of news. It is easier for journalists nowadays to gather vital news and making people aware of the recent events. As technology changes, journalism’s future becomes clearer and more available for people. The history of out country is now easier to trace because freedom of speech is now allowed and the country is experiencing more democracy unlike before. Broadcasting today is more convincing since no one is manipulating the issue. Today’s mass media journalism is not limited to people who are living in this country. It can also be broadcasted on other parts of the world. Works Cited: Andersen, Robin Gray, Jonathan. Battleground: The Media. USA: Greenwood Publishing, 2007. Radio Television Timeline. Great Achievements Website. Retrieved 9 March 2009 from: http://www. greatachievements. org/? id=3659

Immanuel Kant Essays -- essays research papers

Immanuel Kant 1724-1804 Immanuel Kant was born on April 22, 1724 in Konigsberg, East Prussia. He was the son of a saddler. At age 8, he entered the Collegium Fredericianum, a Latin school, where he remained for 8 1/2 years and studied the classics. He then entered the University of Konigsberg in 1740 to study philosophy, mathematics, and physics. The death of his father halted his university career so he became a private tutor. In 1755, he returned to Konigsburg where he later resumed his studies. In 1756, he received a degree and was made a lecturer, and in 1770 he became a professor. Kant felt he had to adhere to a very strict schedule during his years as a professor. He would get up shortly before five in the morning and spent an hour drinking tea, smoking a pipe, and thinking over his day’s work. From six to seven he prepared his lecture, which would begin at seven or eight and lasted until nine or ten. After his lecture he would devote himself to writing until the midday meal. He always had company for his midday meal and it would always last several hours because he enjoyed conversation. After the meal he would take a walk for an hour or so and his evenings were devoted to reading and reflection. He would go to bed at ten o’clock. Besides his writings, he became famous for his schedule. Kant’s most striking character trait was probably his moral earnestness and his devotion to the idea of duty. He was a sociable man and was also kindly and benevolent. He was never rich but he was careful in money matters. He regularly assisted a number of poor people. He was a sincere and loyal friend and his conduct was marked by courtesy and respect for others. For 15 years after completing his doctorate he taught at the university where he lectured on science and math, but eventually he expanded his field to cover almost all branches of philosophy. Kant was an amazing orator and was internationally famous for his lectures. His main goal in philosophical courses was to stimulate his listeners to â€Å"stand on their own feet† as he put it. He was appointed to a regular chair of philosophy at the University at the age of 46 in 1770. He was made the professor of logics and metaphysics. He came into conflict with Prussia's government due to his unorthodox religious teachings. In 1792, the King of Prussia, Frede... ...mpiricist. Descartes, on the other hand, was a "realist" believing that objects exist separately from us. He also thought that we could only know their essences through "clear and distinct" innate ideas. This made him a "transcendental" realist. Kant's thoughts were mainly influenced by the rationalism of Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, Christian Wolff, and the empiricism of David Hume. The reason I chose Immanuel Kant to research is because not only of his philosophical views but also because of his interests in scientific issues. He was interested in virtually every aspect of human experience. While researching him I became impressed with his views on war, especially that if we allowed the people who have to do the fighting to make the decision about war, we would have peace. I agree that sometimes the government makes the decisions that doesn’t represent what the people want. I was also impressed with his views on religion, how the churches become instruments in the hands of the government and the clergy become tools of politics. Since Kant's thought is truly the basis of modern philosophy, it is still a main point of departure for the 21st century.

Mobile Phone Usage Essay

* In the last year, smartphone usage has increased significantly from 33% of Indian cell phone users in March 2011 to 48% in March * 2012. Results from this research also show that the year-over-year growth in the use of smartphones is seen universally across all age groups. * Nearly half of cell phone users have a data plan with their mobile phone (47%), up from 37% in March 2011. * Tablet ownership among cell phone users has quadrupled, increasing from 5% in 2011 to 20% in 2012. Three-quarters of these tablet owners have a tablet connected to a cellular network. About one in ten mobile phone owners showed interest in receiving coupons from retailers (10%) in exchange for receiving ads on their device and 10% would be interested in receiving apps or exclusive content in exchange for receiving ads on their phone. * One fifth of mobile phone users (18%) have sent or received a text message from an organization in the past, similar to what was observed in 2011 (20%). Introduction Mobile telephones have become an integral part of life for many consumers worldwide as well as playing an important role in driving the economy in many countries. In the future, the mobile phone market in developing countries is forecast to grow strongly whilst in the developed world, business opportunities will arise from the deployment of next generation technologies. How fast has mobile phone usage spread across the world? The global spread of mobile phones has been faster than any other information technology:The number of mobile phone subscriptions worldwide rose from 1. 0 billion in 2001 to 5. 1 billion in 2010; The mobile phone penetration rate – the proportion of the population with a mobile phone subscription – rose globally from 15. 6% in 2001 to 74. % in 2010. The mobile phone penetration rate is expected to rise to 100. 6% globally by 2020; Most of the growth has come from the developing world where the penetration rate was below the global average at 68. 3% in 2010. The total number of mobile phone subscriptions in emerging and developing countries rose from 0. 4 billion to 4. 0 billion during 2001-2010. In comparison, in the developed world where the mobile market is reaching saturation with 112. 7 subscriptions per 100 people in 2010, the number of mobile phone subscriptions grew at a much slower pace, from 0. 6 billion to 1. billion over the same period; China is home to the world’s largest number of mobile phone subscriptions, with 839 million subscriptions in 2010. It is followed by India with 611 million mobile phone subscribers in 2010; From a luxury product used primarily in developed countries, mobile telephony has become universally available and an integral part of life for many consumers. How do poorer countries benefit from mobile telephony? Mobile telephony has transformed life for many consumers in the developing world: Mobile phones help improve the livelihood of the poor through better communications and greater access to information. Many poor farmers are now able to receive better prices for their crops because they have access to information on market prices, primarily via mobile phones. TradeNet, a Ghana-based trading platform, is one such example, allowing farmers to access prices and offers from traders by mobile phone; Mobile phones have also spawned a wealth of micro-enterprises, offering work to people with little education and few resources, such as selling airtime and repairing or refurbishing handsets. In Bangladesh, for example, with micro-credit from the Grameen Bank, over 100,000 Bangladeshi women have set up mobile phone exchanges in villages where there are few if any landlines, and earned their living as â€Å"Grameen phone ladies†. Such village phone schemes have subsequently spread from Bangladesh to Uganda, Rwanda and many other poor communities; Mobile phones have helped consumers to bridge the digital divide between regions in many developing countries. This is thanks to wireless technologies that enable the consumer to use mobile phones for better communications and Internet access without the need of a PC and cable connection; China and India are the two largest mobile phone markets amongst developing countries, and indeed in the world. However, similar to other developing countries, the mobile phone penetration rates in China and India remain relatively low, at 62. 8% of the population and 51. 6% respectively in 2010, leaving a significant potential for growth. What are the prospects of the global mobile market? The developing world – particularly major emerging economies – will continue to drive growth of the global mobile phone market. This is due to their large population, low penetration rates and rising disposable incomes, although the true growth potential depends also on government policies to help liberalise the market and enhance competition among network providers: During 2011-2020, the number of mobile subscriptions in Africa and the Middle East is forecast to grow at an average rate of 5. % per year, compared to the global average of 3. 7%. However, the expected growth in Africa and the Middle East is from a relatively low base: in 2010, the mobile penetration rate in Africa stood at 56. 5% of the population; Asia Pacific will continue to be the largest regional mobile phone market, with 3. 9 billion subscriptions in 2020 (up from 2. 4 billion in 2010). China will continue to be home to the world’s largest number of mobile phone subscriptions, with 1. 3 billion subscribers in 2020 (up from 839 million in 2010). However, India – currently the world’s second largest mobile phone market – will have significant growth potential not only in Asia Pacific but globally, with the number of mobile phone subscriptions forecast to grow at an average annual rate of 5. 7% during 2011-2020, to reach 1. 1 billion in 2020; Meanwhile, in the developed world, the development and commercial deployment of next-generation technologies and devices will increase usage of advanced mobile services, which in turn will open up many new business opportunities and drive revenue growth.

Payroll System

The solution has to take care of calculation of salary as per rules of the Company. This Payroll System is a full-featured system that manages financial information of every employee in an organization. It computes and processes the payroll in the certain payroll period. This Payroll System is also a flexible compensation administration solution. It is designed to help human resource professionals as well as finance and accounting personnel to manage employee compensation, deductions, allowances, and benefits in an organization.The system is integrated with the Employee’s information, offers efficient features and functionalities to manage company's expenses. Background of the Study Trends Asia Marketing and Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) provide superior corporate assistance and business solution by giving various services to the companies, business owners, entrepreneurs and professionals. Trends Asia Marketing and Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) offer solutions to help your b usiness succeed. They are committed to excellence in providing an effective, efficient support system for all phases of your business.They can assist you from start-up, taking care of the countless details that need to be handled, they can help with tasks relating to day-to day operations, and they can help formulate and implement effective business strategies to help your business grow and flourish. Because of these, Trends Asia Marketing and Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) grows immediately but Mrs. Agnes De Guzman Francia the owner realize that its hard to use the â€Å"Mano – Mano System† when she gives the salary and wages to her employees, since her business achieved the highly status recommendation around the Philippines.She decided to cooperate with a computer manufacturer in designing and analyzing the system. She request to the computer designer to do something that makes easier when she giving the salary of her employees. She adds some details like the log â €“ in form, because she said, she wants to personalize and to maintain the confidentiality of the information contains. She also added some details in the second form like employee’s name, and no. of hours worked and the other design and details are done by the computer designer. After 5 – 6 years working out with this system, Mrs.Agnes De Guzman Francia wants to update their Payroll System and change the other information. That‘s why we offer Mrs. Agnes De Guzman Francia a free system which conceptualized the information according to her wants. Problem Definition Last Friday December 11, 2009, we decided to start doing our system entitled Payroll System. To describe the system before we conceptualize it, it contains Employee’s Name, No. of hours worked, O. T. pay, Rate per hour, basic pay, and Gross pay. Now we added the deductions that typically reduced in the salary in a regular employee, it contains SSS, MED, Total Deductions and Net pay.Of course before we succeed in doing this system, we encounter a lot of problems and those are problems are not easy to solve like the calculation that we need to input to performed the right calculations in this system, we don’t know how much is the cost of the SSS, MED and the Other fees that we need to lessen in the salary of a employee. To solve these problems our group think some possibilities which help us to fulfil our project. First we asked some regular employees how much the cost of the SSS that their employer deducts in their salary.Our Second option is we search and surf the net to know the cost of following. Significance of the Study Payroll System is important to every company because any business that employed people will have to process those wages of the employee when they are due. In order to make sure that your payroll is processed correctly and accurately, you need a system which appropriate to your needs. That’s why this system exists. Payroll System is done by calculating how much each employee is owed, then making the appropriate deductions for tax, SSS pensions, etc. nd sending those to the relevant tax offices. Then payslips need to be printed and issued to employees and the duplicate copy will be given to the administration or to the accounting department to record the transaction. Scope and Delimitation CHAPTER 2 Existing systems overview Background of the Company Last quarter of 2004, four friends have conceptualized venturing into salon operations, since no one has knowledge in salon operations; they agreed to venture into salon franchise agreement.Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) was incorporated on October 4, 2004 to formally handle the franchise agreement with F Salon ; Body Spa. The franchise outlet was located in San Joaquin, Pasig Branch. First quarter of year 2005, the corporation engaged in various services aside from operating a salon franchise. The corporation engaged itself in providing manpower outsourcing and other allied services. Management of the franchise was left under Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO).Conflict on financing the manpower activities which remained solely on the part of its operations manager, Mrs. Agnes De Guzman Francia, prompted her to segregate the F Salon ; Body Spa Franchise from Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO), and pursue its manpower sourcing and allied services. The salon franchise is continuing to date with the original partners who established it and Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) was left under the management of Mrs. Agnes De Guzman Francia.Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) now was transformed as a family corporation. Having seen the viability and profitability of salon operation, the husband and wife team of Francia’s locate feasible locations for possible salon outlet. On September 2006, an existing salon outlet was being sold by its owner who is migrating abroad. Right there and then, the couple decided to buy out and pay for the existing salon and transform the salon outlet into what it is today. Yanna’s Salon ; Body Spa opened on September 24, 2006 till under the operation nd management of Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO). Yanna’s Salon was named from the spouse’s youngest daughter â€Å"Yanna†. The Salon from the initial opening date, continue to how brisk business and good sales performance. Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) at present is continuing its manpower sourcing and business set up and accounting services. The 1st Yanna’s Salon is situated in corner Village East, Cainta Rizal which commences its operations on September 18, 2006 and the 2nd outlet in Rosario, Pasig City commences on November 24, 2006.The company has a target of at least maintaining 6 company owned salon locations starting within Rizal Area and in the future a possib ility of offering salon franchises in any parts of the Metropolis and in nearby provinces. Yanna’s Salon ; Body Spa is a full – service beauty salon adhering to consistently provide high customer satisfaction by rendering excellent service, quality products, and furnishing an enjoyable atmosphere at an acceptable price/value relationship.They will also maintain a friendly, fair and creative work environment, which respects diversity, ideas, and hard work. Existing Systems Overview Existing Systems Overview | | |UTILITY EXPENSE | |   | Annual Expense | | |Monthly Expense | | |   |   |   | |   |   |   | |WATER |P 1,800. 0 |P 21, 600. 00 | |   |   |   | |   |   |   | |   |   |   | | |UTILITY EXPENSE | |   | |Annual Expense | | |Monthly Expense | | |   |   | | |   |   |   | |TELEPHONE |P 3, 300. 00 |P 39, 600. 0 | |   |   |   | |   |   |   | |   |   | | Data Flow Diagram CHAPTER 3 System findings System Findings A nalysis for Proposed System Cost CHAPTER 4 System implementation System Implementation Chart of Comparison for the Existing and Proposed System [pic] Statistical Computation Monthly Benefit (MB) |Annual Benefit (AB) | |MB = EC – PC |EC * 12 Months =? | |MB = 30,000 – 15,000 |PC * 12 Months =? | |MB = 15,000 |AB = EC – PC | |   |AB = 360,000 – 180,000 | |   |AB = 180,000 | Break Even Analysis [pic] Comparative Chart for Monthly and Annual Benefit Existing Monthly Cost |Existing Annual Cost | |Existing Monthly Cost = 30,000 |Existing Annual Cost = 360,000 | |After 5 months = 150,000 |After 5 years = 1,800,000 | |Monthly Benefit = 6,000 |Annual Benefit = 72,000 | | | | |Proposed Monthly Cost |Proposed Annual Cost | |Proposed Monthly Cost = 15,000 |Proposed Annual Cost = 180,000 | |After 5 months = 75,000 |After 5 years = 900,000 | |Monthly Benefit = 3,000 |Annual Benefit = 36,000 | Comparative Chart for Monthly and Annual BenefitComparative Chart for Mon thly and Annual Benefit CHAPTER 5 Summary Summary Conclusion Recommendation Objective of the Study The Primary objective of this study is to continuously operate the Payroll Department of Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) which held the salary and wages of their employees. Secondly, the Payroll Department of Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) make a payroll report easier rather than before. [pic] ———————– START NO YES LOGIN CALCULATE EXIT B. P = N. H. W * R. P/H O. T = R. P/H * -1. 25 GP = B. P + O. T D = SSS + MED + OTHERS FEES N. P = GP – D OUT PUT END END FLOW CHART Payroll System Title: A LAN- Based Attendance Monitoring System Using Biometric Device For Don Jesus Gonzales High School Brief Description of the Proposed Thesis Don Jesus Gonzales High School is located at Pandacaqui Resettlement Mexico Pampanga . At present, the school doesn’t have an automated system which can verify if the person entering the school is a bonified student . The school security guard just check the id of the students one by one before entering the school. Sometimes, some people were able to pass even without id when there are many students going in. The proposed system will allow the guard to be able to know by the biometric device if the person entering the school is a registered student or not. Another, the faculty members also takes time in writing the time when they arrived and/or go out to school. The system will record the â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† of the faculty members . Upon scanning all their finger to the biometric device. It will also assure the safety of the students, staff and school. The system will use biometric device to verify all the finger if its registered on the database to ensure that the person entering the school is a bonified student. Also when the student entering the school has a violation, a notice will appear on the monitor screen. To keep record of the â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† of the faculty members, same procedure also by the use of biometric device, the information will be saved on the database The system itself is secured. Before a person access the system, he/she would be asked to input a username and password then it will be processed if it is granted or decried. The authorized persons are the principal, guidance councilor, the head of the computer subjects and one school coordinator. Statement of objectives These are the objectives of the proposed study General Objective The main objective of the study is to create a LAN based student monitoring and faculty attendance. Monitoring System using biometric device for Don Jesus Gonzales High School that will identify if the person enters the school is a bonified student and to record the â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† of the faculty members. Specific Objectives * To ensure the security of the school. * To increase the visibility of trespassers/intruders. * To have an accurate data about the attendance of the faculty. To automate the system that is efficient and user friendly. * To provide notification about student’s violation. Significance of Proposed Thesis Topic or Justification The study benefits its locale, Don Jesus Gonzales High School. The system is a good way in increasing the campus security. It will assure the safety of the students, faculty, staff and community. Also, it will incre ase the visibility of the intruders and avoid violence in the school.. The faculty members and students will also benefits on this study since the system will make the process faster and hassle free. Lastly, the system can also be a basis of other school in developing an students and faculty monitoring system. Review of Related Literature And Studies Fingerprint biometrics are used in a variety of applications including electronic door locks, smart cards, vehicle ignition control systems, USB sticks with fingerprint controlled access, and many others. Digital signal processing elements in fingerprint scanners perform complex DSP functions such as filters, transforms, feature extraction, matching operations and other algorithms. At the CARTES & IDentification 2011 conference in Paris, France, DigitalPersona, Inc. nnounced that the company has open sourced its new MINEX-certified FingerJetFX fingerprint feature extraction technology. FingerJetFX, Open Source Edition (OSE), is free, portable software that device manufacturers and application developers can use to convert bulky fingerprint images into small, mathematical representations called fingerprint â€Å"templates† for efficient storage or comparison. The software has been released under the Lesser GNU Public License (LGPL), giving developers the flexibility to adapt the extractor to their particular platforms and applications. DigitalPersona is also offering a separate commercially-licensed version that adds fast fingerprint matching for both identification and verification while still running in a small amount of memory. Once the image is captured the digital information is transferred to a digital signal processor to generate a match. The first step in the matching process is conditioning the scanned fingerprint. Finger print readers rarely use the full fingerprint for identification. Rather, DSPs use algorithms to extract the unique features and patterns of each print to generate a unique digital code. The second step in the software flow is to take the code generated from the scanned image and compare it to a database of potential matches. The compare step requires the system to have access to print information in a networked database or a non-volatile memory unit. Computer Hardware and Software to be Used The study will use several software and hardware for the development of the proposed system. Software * Visual studio * Visual Basic 2000- for the main design of the system interface of the system. * Microsoft Office 2007 Microsoft Access- for the database of the system. Hardware * Computer set * Processor Intel ® Pentium ® 4cpu 3. 00 GHz * Memory 1014MB RAM * Internet connection * Biometric device Detailed Features of the Proposed System These are the detailed features of the proposed system * Secured access of the system. * User Friendly interface. * Time-In time-Out of faculty using Biometric * Notification/Flash Message to students with violation * The system displays im age and other basic info about the students and faculty members * Biometric scanning to able to enter the school. Payroll System Telecommunications network is a combination of nodes and links which are arranged in a manner so that the message may pass from the one part of the network to the other by traveling over variable nodes. Essential Parts of the Network There are five basic segments of this type of network. These parts include terminals, channels, processors, computers and control softwares. The starting and ending point of the telecommunication networks is known as a network terminal. There are many input and output devices which are often placed under the heading of terminals. Telecommunication processors are often helpful in transferring data between the terminals of the network. These processors also provide variety of control and support functions. Telecommunication channels are the reception and transmission point for the data and messages. The network computers are arranged in a manner so that they establish a network connection using different media, these computer terminals help in communication. Telecommunication network software governs the control and functional activities with the help of software in a network. The structure of telecommunication network has three main components the control plane, the user plane and the management plane. As indicated by its name the control plane carries control information and data. The data plane or user plane monitors the user traffic in the network. The third and last component management plane carries the operation and administration traffic over the network. Types of Telecommunication Networks. Telecommunication network has many types like wide area network, metropolitan area network, local area network, campus area network, personal area network, virtual private networks, client server network, peer to peer network, network computing. The network which is spread over a large geographic area is known as wide area network. This network has helped businesses which are dispersed over different regions to communicate to the head office. Metropolitan area network covers the area of nearly one city or county. Its area and coverage is more than the local area network and less han the wide area network. The communication of computers in a very small geographical area is known as local area network. Campus area network is a network which is restricted to the small geographical area which is limited to the university campus or a building. Personal area network is a network which is limited to an individual. Virtual private network is built on the principle of secure encrypted network in order to provide complete security to the users. The client server network is network which is connected to the LAN at one end and the back up server at the other end. When a computer uses network browser to connect to the other computers in the network it is known as network computing. Microsoft office online is the good example of such kind of network. Peer to peer network is used for connecting only those computers which have copy rights to use each others resources. Examples of a Telecommunication Network The first example of the telecommunication network is computer networks . computer network is set of computers which are attached to each other for the purpose of resource sharing. The second example is the internet. Internet is the global network which allows the users in many dispersed areas to connect via web browsers and telecommunication technologies provide by internet services providers. Third example is of the public switched telephone networks, it is a circuit switched network which used to carry analog signals but now it carries digital signals mostly. The fourth example is the working of global telex; it is a set of machines which include teleprinters and tele typewriters. The last example is of the aircraft communication addressing Payroll System Title: A LAN- Based Attendance Monitoring System Using Biometric Device For Don Jesus Gonzales High School Brief Description of the Proposed Thesis Don Jesus Gonzales High School is located at Pandacaqui Resettlement Mexico Pampanga . At present, the school doesn’t have an automated system which can verify if the person entering the school is a bonified student . The school security guard just check the id of the students one by one before entering the school. Sometimes, some people were able to pass even without id when there are many students going in. The proposed system will allow the guard to be able to know by the biometric device if the person entering the school is a registered student or not. Another, the faculty members also takes time in writing the time when they arrived and/or go out to school. The system will record the â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† of the faculty members . Upon scanning all their finger to the biometric device. It will also assure the safety of the students, staff and school. The system will use biometric device to verify all the finger if its registered on the database to ensure that the person entering the school is a bonified student. Also when the student entering the school has a violation, a notice will appear on the monitor screen. To keep record of the â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† of the faculty members, same procedure also by the use of biometric device, the information will be saved on the database The system itself is secured. Before a person access the system, he/she would be asked to input a username and password then it will be processed if it is granted or decried. The authorized persons are the principal, guidance councilor, the head of the computer subjects and one school coordinator. Statement of objectives These are the objectives of the proposed study General Objective The main objective of the study is to create a LAN based student monitoring and faculty attendance. Monitoring System using biometric device for Don Jesus Gonzales High School that will identify if the person enters the school is a bonified student and to record the â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† of the faculty members. Specific Objectives * To ensure the security of the school. * To increase the visibility of trespassers/intruders. * To have an accurate data about the attendance of the faculty. To automate the system that is efficient and user friendly. * To provide notification about student’s violation. Significance of Proposed Thesis Topic or Justification The study benefits its locale, Don Jesus Gonzales High School. The system is a good way in increasing the campus security. It will assure the safety of the students, faculty, staff and community. Also, it will incre ase the visibility of the intruders and avoid violence in the school.. The faculty members and students will also benefits on this study since the system will make the process faster and hassle free. Lastly, the system can also be a basis of other school in developing an students and faculty monitoring system. Review of Related Literature And Studies Fingerprint biometrics are used in a variety of applications including electronic door locks, smart cards, vehicle ignition control systems, USB sticks with fingerprint controlled access, and many others. Digital signal processing elements in fingerprint scanners perform complex DSP functions such as filters, transforms, feature extraction, matching operations and other algorithms. At the CARTES & IDentification 2011 conference in Paris, France, DigitalPersona, Inc. nnounced that the company has open sourced its new MINEX-certified FingerJetFX fingerprint feature extraction technology. FingerJetFX, Open Source Edition (OSE), is free, portable software that device manufacturers and application developers can use to convert bulky fingerprint images into small, mathematical representations called fingerprint â€Å"templates† for efficient storage or comparison. The software has been released under the Lesser GNU Public License (LGPL), giving developers the flexibility to adapt the extractor to their particular platforms and applications. DigitalPersona is also offering a separate commercially-licensed version that adds fast fingerprint matching for both identification and verification while still running in a small amount of memory. Once the image is captured the digital information is transferred to a digital signal processor to generate a match. The first step in the matching process is conditioning the scanned fingerprint. Finger print readers rarely use the full fingerprint for identification. Rather, DSPs use algorithms to extract the unique features and patterns of each print to generate a unique digital code. The second step in the software flow is to take the code generated from the scanned image and compare it to a database of potential matches. The compare step requires the system to have access to print information in a networked database or a non-volatile memory unit. Computer Hardware and Software to be Used The study will use several software and hardware for the development of the proposed system. Software * Visual studio * Visual Basic 2000- for the main design of the system interface of the system. * Microsoft Office 2007 Microsoft Access- for the database of the system. Hardware * Computer set * Processor Intel ® Pentium ® 4cpu 3. 00 GHz * Memory 1014MB RAM * Internet connection * Biometric device Detailed Features of the Proposed System These are the detailed features of the proposed system * Secured access of the system. * User Friendly interface. * Time-In time-Out of faculty using Biometric * Notification/Flash Message to students with violation * The system displays im age and other basic info about the students and faculty members * Biometric scanning to able to enter the school. Payroll System Telecommunications network is a combination of nodes and links which are arranged in a manner so that the message may pass from the one part of the network to the other by traveling over variable nodes. Essential Parts of the Network There are five basic segments of this type of network. These parts include terminals, channels, processors, computers and control softwares. The starting and ending point of the telecommunication networks is known as a network terminal. There are many input and output devices which are often placed under the heading of terminals. Telecommunication processors are often helpful in transferring data between the terminals of the network. These processors also provide variety of control and support functions. Telecommunication channels are the reception and transmission point for the data and messages. The network computers are arranged in a manner so that they establish a network connection using different media, these computer terminals help in communication. Telecommunication network software governs the control and functional activities with the help of software in a network. The structure of telecommunication network has three main components the control plane, the user plane and the management plane. As indicated by its name the control plane carries control information and data. The data plane or user plane monitors the user traffic in the network. The third and last component management plane carries the operation and administration traffic over the network. Types of Telecommunication Networks. Telecommunication network has many types like wide area network, metropolitan area network, local area network, campus area network, personal area network, virtual private networks, client server network, peer to peer network, network computing. The network which is spread over a large geographic area is known as wide area network. This network has helped businesses which are dispersed over different regions to communicate to the head office. Metropolitan area network covers the area of nearly one city or county. Its area and coverage is more than the local area network and less han the wide area network. The communication of computers in a very small geographical area is known as local area network. Campus area network is a network which is restricted to the small geographical area which is limited to the university campus or a building. Personal area network is a network which is limited to an individual. Virtual private network is built on the principle of secure encrypted network in order to provide complete security to the users. The client server network is network which is connected to the LAN at one end and the back up server at the other end. When a computer uses network browser to connect to the other computers in the network it is known as network computing. Microsoft office online is the good example of such kind of network. Peer to peer network is used for connecting only those computers which have copy rights to use each others resources. Examples of a Telecommunication Network The first example of the telecommunication network is computer networks . computer network is set of computers which are attached to each other for the purpose of resource sharing. The second example is the internet. Internet is the global network which allows the users in many dispersed areas to connect via web browsers and telecommunication technologies provide by internet services providers. Third example is of the public switched telephone networks, it is a circuit switched network which used to carry analog signals but now it carries digital signals mostly. The fourth example is the working of global telex; it is a set of machines which include teleprinters and tele typewriters. The last example is of the aircraft communication addressing Payroll System Telecommunications network is a combination of nodes and links which are arranged in a manner so that the message may pass from the one part of the network to the other by traveling over variable nodes. Essential Parts of the Network There are five basic segments of this type of network. These parts include terminals, channels, processors, computers and control softwares. The starting and ending point of the telecommunication networks is known as a network terminal. There are many input and output devices which are often placed under the heading of terminals. Telecommunication processors are often helpful in transferring data between the terminals of the network. These processors also provide variety of control and support functions. Telecommunication channels are the reception and transmission point for the data and messages. The network computers are arranged in a manner so that they establish a network connection using different media, these computer terminals help in communication. Telecommunication network software governs the control and functional activities with the help of software in a network. The structure of telecommunication network has three main components the control plane, the user plane and the management plane. As indicated by its name the control plane carries control information and data. The data plane or user plane monitors the user traffic in the network. The third and last component management plane carries the operation and administration traffic over the network. Types of Telecommunication Networks. Telecommunication network has many types like wide area network, metropolitan area network, local area network, campus area network, personal area network, virtual private networks, client server network, peer to peer network, network computing. The network which is spread over a large geographic area is known as wide area network. This network has helped businesses which are dispersed over different regions to communicate to the head office. Metropolitan area network covers the area of nearly one city or county. Its area and coverage is more than the local area network and less han the wide area network. The communication of computers in a very small geographical area is known as local area network. Campus area network is a network which is restricted to the small geographical area which is limited to the university campus or a building. Personal area network is a network which is limited to an individual. Virtual private network is built on the principle of secure encrypted network in order to provide complete security to the users. The client server network is network which is connected to the LAN at one end and the back up server at the other end. When a computer uses network browser to connect to the other computers in the network it is known as network computing. Microsoft office online is the good example of such kind of network. Peer to peer network is used for connecting only those computers which have copy rights to use each others resources. Examples of a Telecommunication Network The first example of the telecommunication network is computer networks . computer network is set of computers which are attached to each other for the purpose of resource sharing. The second example is the internet. Internet is the global network which allows the users in many dispersed areas to connect via web browsers and telecommunication technologies provide by internet services providers. Third example is of the public switched telephone networks, it is a circuit switched network which used to carry analog signals but now it carries digital signals mostly. The fourth example is the working of global telex; it is a set of machines which include teleprinters and tele typewriters. The last example is of the aircraft communication addressing

Cultural Diversity essayEssay Writing Service

Cultural Diversity essayEssay Writing Service Cultural Diversity essay Cultural Diversity essayThe cultural background is a pivotal factor that may affect negotiations, especially if such different cultures as Chinese and American ones are involved.The lack of confidence in Chinese partner became one of the main reasons for the failure of negotiations. On the other hand, American negotiators were too direct that could be offensive for Chinese negotiators. Instead, the traditional way of conducting negotiations in China was perceived by the American part as cheating or attempt of it. The American part focused on specific business issues, including production facilities, costs, quality and other issues (Pudelko, 2005). On the contrary, Chinese put the corporate philosophy and culture prior to practical issues related to their business.Americans were disturbed that they have not started negotiations from the moment of their arrival to China. Instead, they have received warm welcome not only from the part of the company but also from the part of local offic ials. Instead, Chinese focused on the establishment of close relations with officials to establish the higher status of the company and American partners. Moreover, Chinese did not always know agenda and could not respond to Americans succinctly to their inquiries about the agenda and negotiations, which Chinese perceived as rudeness.In fact, Americans failed to understand that negotiations have started from the first hand-shake because Chinese way of negotiations turned out to be absolutely different from American one. At the meeting with the CEO, the American part had to agree general principles, which were long-term relationships, trust, providing Chinese company with American know-how and other strategic issues. However, Americans lacked specific, practical, material side of business in China being discussed. Instead, the Chinese CEO, Mr. Chen, refused to negotiate details because it apparently was not his matter but the matter of the company’s executives of the lower lev el. Instead, Mr. Chen could focus on the strategic or general issues only. In the course of negotiations, Americans apparently waited for the offer being made by Chinese but, instead, they signed what Americans perceived as a non-binding statement of some intentions. Instead, Chinese perceived the signed document on general principles of the US-Chinese partnership as the binding offer and further negotiations should be conducted within its framework.However, Americans could not accept the signed document because they failed to accept it as an offer. Instead, they needed specific offer, where interests of either party are defined clearly. At the same time, the status of American negotiators did not match the CEO Chen level because Chinese expected the CEO of the US company would have arrived to the negotiations to determine general principles (Ely Thomas, 2001). The Chinese part took a lot of time for consideration involving senior staff and officials in the important decision makin g process, whereas Chinese expected American negotiators to take decisions immediately, while any delays were perceived as malicious.In fact, practical details of the contract were unimportant for Chinese because personal relations and mutual understanding were crucial for them. In other words, Chinese expected to establish strong interpersonal relations first and then come to agreement on practical aspects of the business development in the course of the implementation of the project. Instead, Americans needed settling practical aspects of business first, while interpersonal relations and incomprehensible general principles remained secondary for them.Furthermore, Chinese insisted on clauses about arbitration to be able to refer to third parties, in case of breach of contract by either party, whereas Americans expected to stick to the contract and specific legal procedures, which should be applied in case of the breach of contract. Once again, Chinese put personal relations prior t o the contract and they would rather negotiate controversial issues that could breach the contract with a responsible official or executive of the US company rather than undergo the legal procedure of breaching the contract.In addition, Chinese way of building up relations means corruption for Americans. This is why the American part was unwilling to get too involved into building up relations with officials out of sheer fear of being involved in corruptive activities, whereas Chinese interpreted such position as offensive and dangerous because the failure to establish positive relations with officials threatened to the project, which could take either a couple of weeks, if the company had good relations with officials, or several months, if relations were poor (Hopkins, et al., 2005).Chinese put moral obligations prior to contract ones and losing their face is the major threat to them, while going to court is the case of losing their face. This is why they insisted on the establish ment of interpersonal relations and priority of moral obligations, while contract obligations were insignificant for them. On the contrary, Americans viewed contract obligations as their priority and the only issue that did really matter, whereas personal relations could not resolve any disputes or breach of contract if one could occur.Thus, cultural differences have apparently played the key part in the failure of the agreement between Chinese and American part.

Sediment Is a Major Water Pollutant

Sediment Is a Major Water Pollutant According to the Environmental Protection Agency, one of the three major sources of water pollution in streams and rivers is sediment. What Is Sediment? Sediment is fine-grained particles like silt and clay, generally occurring as a result of soil erosion. As rainfall washes away bare soil or a stream erodes a muddy bank, sediment makes it into waterways. These fine particles occur naturally in the environment, but problems arise when they enter aquatic systems in larger quantities than they would naturally. What Causes Soil Erosion? Soil erosion happens anytime barren soil is exposed to the elements, especially after a lot of vegetation is removed. Plant roots are very effective at holding back the soil. A common cause of erosion is road and building construction. During construction, soil remains exposed for extended periods of time. Silt fencing, made of a textile held up with wooden stakes, is often deployed at construction sites as a sediment containment measure.   Agricultural practices lead to long periods of time when vast expanses of soil are left barren. In late fall and winter, millions of acres of farmland are left exposed to the elements. Even during the growing season, some crops do not protect soils adequately. Corn, most notably, is planted in rows 20 to 30 inches apart with long strips of barren soil in between. Forestry practices can also lead to erosion, especially on steeper slopes. The removal of trees does not necessarily expose soil directly, and careful logging operations can keep erosion to a minimum. However, machinery can damage low-growing vegetation. High-use areas, like logging roads and landings, certainly leave the soil unprotected and subject to erosion. Sedimentation Pollution Fine suspended particles cause turbidity in waterways. In other words, they make the water less transparent, blocking sunlight. The decreased light will impede the growth of aquatic plants, which provide essential habitat for many aquatic animals, including young fish. Another way sediment can be harmful is by smothering the gravel beds where fish lay their eggs. Gravel beds provide a perfect surface for trout or salmon eggs to be protected, while still allowing for oxygen to reach the growing embryo. When silt covers eggs, it prevents this oxygen transfer. Aquatic invertebrates can suffer from damage to their fragile filtering systems, and if they are sessile (immobile) they can be buried by sediment. Fine particles can eventually be transported into coastal zones, where they affect marine invertebrates, fish, and coral. Some Helpful Practices Deploying silt fencing or straw bales around sites where the ground is disturbed.Using soil erosion best practices around construction sites.Protecting vegetation along stream banks. Replant shrubs and trees if needed.Using cover crops on farmland when not actively growing regular crops.Practicing no-till farming.Follow best practices during forestry operations. This includes building appropriate stream crossings, avoiding operations in excessively muddy conditions, and selecting work equipment that will minimize damage to soils. Sources: Unknown. Voluntary Best Management Practices for Water Quality. 2018 Edition, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 2018, NY. Castro, Janine and Frank Reckendorf. Effects of Sediment on the Aquatic Environment. Working Paper No. 6, Oregon State University Department of Geosciences, August 1995, OR.   Mid-America Regional Council. What Is Sediment Pollution? EPA, Kansas City, MO.

Domino's Pizza Services Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Domino's Pizza Services Marketing - Essay Example Showcasing was first created from the products, which clarifies the watched delay in its application in the service segment in both Europe and the United States (He, Zha & Li, 2013). In the wake of showing the fundamental elements connected to showcasing services, a few areas will be produced: nearby services, budgetary services, services identified with transport and tourism. Services showcasing are advertising in view of connections and qualities. It can be utilized to advertise a product or service. Advertising services organization database is not quite the same as product showcasing the business. There are a few essential contrasts, including 1. The purchaser gains an unclear resource 2. Upkeep can be founded on the notoriety of one individual 3. It is harder to look at the nature of comparative services 4. The purchaser can't give back the service When you offer a service organization, we should remember that notoriety, value, conveyance and checking are critical to business achievement (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). "Dealing with the proof" alludes to the demonstration of educating customers that the service had been effectively met already. This is best done in inconspicuous ways, such as giving cases or depictions of good and poor service that can be utilized as a source of perspective. The principle reason is that the customer can't assess the aggregate cost of the service on the off chance that it is a decent benchmark for examination.

Portfolio theory and invesntment analysis Assignment

Portfolio theory and invesntment analysis - Assignment Example In fact, it is required to estimate current investment strategy of the charity and then to propose actions for its improvement. Let us suppose that the portfolio has stocks. Structure of is determined by weights of stocks, . Per se, efficient portfolio allows the charity to obtain high expected values of return under tolerable value of risk. Efficient portfolio is determined by optimal weights of stocks, . In general, portfolios with high values of allow to achieve well optimized and efficient solutions but such portfolios are expensive to operate and difficult to analyze and manage. On the other hand, portfolios with small values of are cheap to operate and easy to manage but often such portfolios are too weakly diversified to be able to track the entire market or to beat the market index. Let us consider by examples how to determine optimal values of and weights and how to analyze structure of efficient portfolio . The present portfolio of the charity is concentrated in equity shares in leading U.K. companies. So, it is reasonable to suppose that each of them is in the top of the FTSE 100 Index, a capitalization-weighted index of the 100 most highly capitalized U.K. companies traded on the LSE. For instance, let us select1 the 7 largest constituents of the FTSE 100 Index. As of 9 December 2007, these ones were RDSA.L & RDSB.L, BP.L, HSBA.L, VOD.L, GSK.L, RIO.L, and RBS.L. Then, let us consider values of their market capitalization and also betas vs. UKX: Company Symbol Market Cap (millions ) Fraction (%) Beta vs. UKX Royal Dutch Shell PLC RDSA.L, RDSB.L 127,532.881 20.48 0.934, 0.983 BP PLC BP.L 117,355.224 18.85 1.056 HSBC Holdings PLC HSBA.L 101,548.136 16.31 0.723 Vodafone Group PLC VOD.L 98,199.053 15.77 1.068 GlaxoSmithKline PLC GSK.L 72,271.602 11.61 0.643 Rio Tinto PLC RIO.L 57,299.112 9.20 1.353 Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC RBS.L 48,380.050 7.77 1.083 It is known that around 40% of the charity's portfolio is invested in one of these stocks, say, BP.L; the investment in each of the others is around 10%. In case of passive investment strategy the charity uses tracking portfolio, in which each of 7 fractions must reflect (sic!) market capitalization of appropriate leading company; e.g. see Focardi & Fabozzi (2004). Inasmuch as real market fractions of top 7 U.K. companies are distributed quite otherwise than in the charity's portfolio, we may conclude that the charity uses rather active than passive investment strategy. It seems that such choice of the investment strategy is quite reasonable. In case of passive investing the charity attempts at least "track" the market which is characterized, say, by the FTSE All-Share Index. If the market is down in a given period, the charity with an indexing strategy will also find investment performance reflecting that decline. Of course, such investing is a low-cost strategy due to reduced security analysis and insignificant start portfolio management costs. However, there are certain tracking errors when the tracking portfolio can not follow